網絡爬蟲(又被稱為網頁蜘蛛,網絡機器人,在FOAF社區中間,更經常的稱為網頁追逐者),是一種按照一定的規則,自動地抓取萬維網信息的程序或者腳本。另外一些不常使用的名字還有螞蟻、自動索引、模擬程序或者蠕蟲。
上面關于爬蟲可以做什么,定義了一個前提,是瀏覽器可以訪問到的任何資源,特別是對于知曉web請求生命周期的學者來說,爬蟲的本質就更簡單了。爬蟲的本質就是模擬瀏覽器打開網頁,獲取網頁中我們想要的那部分數據。
# -*- coding=UTF-8 -*-
#!usr/bin/env python
import os
import time
import requests
from lxml import etree
url = "https://s.weibo.com/top/summary?cate=realtimehot"
headers={
'Host': 's.weibo.com',
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3',
'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
'Connection': 'keep-alive',
'Referer': 'https://weibo.com/',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.97 Safari/537.36'
}
r = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
print(r.status_code)
html_xpath = etree.HTML(r.text)
data = html_xpath.xpath('//*[@id="pl_top_realtimehot"]/table/tbody/tr/td[2]')
num = -1
# # 解決存儲路徑
# time_path = time.strftime('%Y{y}%m{m}%d1l717j5',time.localtime()).format(y='年', m='月', d='日')
# time_name = time.strftime('%Y{y}%m{m}%d1h5ljhj%H{h}',time.localtime()).format(y='年', m='月', d='日',h='點')
# root = "./" + time_path + "/"
# path = root + time_name + '.md'
# if not os.path.exists(root):
# os.mkdir(root)
# 解決存儲路徑
time_path = time.strftime('%Y{y}%m{m}%d77j111h',time.localtime()).format(y='年', m='月', d='日')
time_name = time.strftime('%Y{y}%m{m}%dljljjjj%H{h}',time.localtime()).format(y='年', m='月', d='日',h='點')
year_path = time.strftime('%Y{y}',time.localtime()).format(y='年')
month_path = time.strftime('%m{m}',time.localtime()).format(m='月')
day_month = time.strftime('%dljljhlh',time.localtime()).format(d='日')
all_path = "./" + year_path + '/'+ month_path + '/' + day_month
if not os.path.exists(all_path):
# 創建多層路徑
os.makedirs(all_path)
# 最終文件存儲位置
root = all_path + "/"
path = root + time_name + '.md'
print(path)
# 文件頭部信息
with open(path,'a') as f:
f.write('{} {}\n\n'.format('# ',time_name+'數據'))
f.close()
for tr in (data):
title = tr.xpath('./a/text()')
hot_score = tr.xpath('./span/text()')
num += 1
# 過濾第 0 條
if num == 0:
pass
else:
with open(path,'a') as f:
f.write('{} {}、{}\n\n'.format('###',num,title[0]))
f.write('{} {}\n\n'.format('微博當時熱度為:',hot_score[0]))
f.close()
print(num,title[0],'微博此時的熱度為:',hot_score[0])
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