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linux shell 中判斷文件、目錄是否存在的方法

本文主要介紹了linux shell 中判斷文件、目錄是否存在的方法，分享給大家

-e filename 如果 filename存在，則為真
-d filename 如果 filename為目錄，則為真
-f filename 如果 filename為常規文件，則為真
-L filename 如果 filename為符號鏈接，則為真
-r filename 如果 filename可讀，則為真
-w filename 如果 filename可寫，則為真
-x filename 如果 filename可執行，則為真
-s filename 如果文件長度不為0，則為真
-h filename 如果文件是軟鏈接，則為真

常用例子

如果存在某文件，則刪除

if [ -f trials ]; then rm ${result_path}trials; fi

如果沒有文件夾，則創建

if [ ! -d $result_name ];then
   mkdir -p $result_name
fi

shell命令判斷文件或文件夾是否存在，先直接看實例：

#!/bin/sh

#判斷文件存在，判斷是否為文件夾等
testPath="/Volumes/MacBookProHD/Mr.Wen/08 shell命令"
testFile="/Volumes/MacBookProHD/Mr.Wen/08 shell命令/fileWen"

#判斷文件夾是否存在 -d
if [[ ! -d "$testPath" ]]; then
 echo "文件夾不存在"
else
 echo "文件夾存在"
fi

#判斷文件夾是否存在，并且具有可執行權限
if [[ ! -x "$testFile" ]]; then
 echo "文件不存在并且沒有可執行權限"
else
 echo "文件存在并有可執行權限"
fi

#判斷文件是否存在
if [[ ! -f "$testFile" ]]; then
 echo "文件不存在"
else
 echo "文件存在"
fi

在shell命令腳本編寫當中，會遇到各種對文件的判斷，除了以上常用的判斷，還有其他的可以使用，如下：

Conditional Logic on Files

-a file exists.

-b file exists and is a block special file.

-c file exists and is a character special file.

-d file exists and is a directory.

-e file exists (just the same as -a).

-f file exists and is a regular file.

-g file exists and has its setgid(2) bit set.

-G file exists and has the same group ID as this process.

-k file exists and has its sticky bit set.

-L file exists and is a symbolic link.

-n string length is not zero.

-o Named option is set on.

-O file exists and is owned by the user ID of this process.

-p file exists and is a first in, first out (FIFO) special file or

named pipe.

-r file exists and is readable by the current process.

-s file exists and has a size greater than zero.

-S file exists and is a socket.

-t file descriptor number fildes is open and associated with a

terminal device.

-u file exists and has its setuid(2) bit set.

-w file exists and is writable by the current process.

-x file exists and is executable by the current process.

-z string length is zero.

shell 判斷文件內容是否改變

判斷文件內容是否改變：

1）md5值判斷

2）diff 判斷

#添加日志時間戳
function fn_showlog()
{
  local curtime;
  curtime=`date +"%Y%m%d-%H:%M:%S"`
  echo "$curtime ------ $1";
}
#判斷文件內容是否一致
function diff_file(){
  for file in `ls $1`
  do 
    if [ ! -f "$2$file" ];then
      fn_showlog "存在新增文件：$2$file"
      return 0
    else
      diff $file $2$file
      if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
        fn_showlog "文件內容發生變化：$file"
        return 0
      fi
    fi
  done
  return 1
}


diff_file "python*Ip" "/home/admin/tools/"
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
  fn_showlog "內容發生改變......"
else 
  fn_showlog "內容未發生改變，退出腳本!"
  exit 0
fi

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