幫朋友制作一個網站，需要一些產品數據信息，因為是代理其他公司產品，直接爬取代理公司產品數據
1.設計數據庫
from django.db import models
from uuslug import slugify
import uuid
import os
def products_directory_path(instance, filename):
ext = filename.split('.')[-1]
filename = '{}.{}'.format(uuid.uuid4().hex[:8], ext)
# return the whole path to the file
return os.path.join('images', "products", instance.title, filename)
def product_relatedimage_directory_path(instance, filename):
ext = filename.split('.')[-1]
filename = '{}.{}'.format(uuid.uuid4().hex[:8], ext)
# return the whole path to the file
return os.path.join('images', "product_relatedimage", instance.product.title, filename)
class ProductsCategory(models.Model):
"""產品分類"""
name = models.CharField('產品分類名', max_length=80, unique=True)
description = models.TextField('產品分類描述', blank=True, null=True)
slug = models.SlugField('slug', max_length=80, blank=True, null=True)
parent_category = models.ForeignKey('self', verbose_name="父級分類", blank=True, null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
if not self.id or not self.slug:
self.slug = slugify(self.name)
super().save(*args, **kwargs)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Meta:
ordering = ['name']
verbose_name = "產品分類"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class ProductsTag(models.Model):
"""產品標簽"""
name = models.CharField('產品標簽名', max_length=30, unique=True)
slug = models.SlugField('slug', max_length=40)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
if not self.id or not self.slug:
self.slug = slugify(self.name)
super().save(*args, **kwargs)
class Meta:
ordering = ['name']
verbose_name = "產品標簽"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Product(models.Model):
title = models.CharField('標題', max_length=255, unique=True)
slug = models.SlugField('slug', max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
jscs = models.TextField('技術參數', blank=True, null=True)
image = models.ImageField(upload_to=products_directory_path, verbose_name="產品圖片")
views = models.PositiveIntegerField('瀏覽量', default=0)
category = models.ForeignKey('ProductsCategory', verbose_name='分類', on_delete=models.CASCADE, blank=True, null=True)
tags = models.ManyToManyField('ProductsTag', verbose_name='標簽集合', blank=True)
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
if not self.id or not self.slug:
self.slug = slugify(self.title)
super().save(*args, **kwargs)
def update_views(self):
self.views += 1
self.save(update_fields=['views'])
def get_pre(self):
return Product.objects.filter(id__lt=self.id).order_by('-id').first()
def get_next(self):
return Product.objects.filter(id__gt=self.id).order_by('id').first()
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class Meta:
verbose_name = "產品"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class ProductAdvantage(models.Model):
content = models.TextField('產品優勢', blank=True, null=True)
product = models.ForeignKey(Product, on_delete=models.CASCADE, blank=True, null=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.content
class Meta:
verbose_name = "產品優勢"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class ProductBody(models.Model):
body = models.CharField('產品內容', max_length=256, blank=True, null=True)
product = models.ForeignKey(Product, on_delete=models.CASCADE, blank=True, null=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.product.title
class Meta:
verbose_name = "產品內容"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
2.腳本編寫
2.1編寫獲取網頁源代碼函數
def get_one_page(url):
try:
headers = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/51.0.2704.103 Safari/537.36"}
res = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)
res.encoding = 'utf-8'
if res.status_code == 200:
return res.text
else:
return None
except Exception:
return None
2.2根據base頁面獲取所有產品分類頁面鏈接
if __name__ == '__main__':
content = get_one_page(url)
tree = etree.HTML(content)
# 產品分類url
catgory_urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="fdh-01-nav"]/div/h3/a/@href')
# 處理catgory_urls
for url in catgory_urls:
url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url
print(url)
2.3根據產品分類頁面鏈接獲取對應所有產品鏈接
if __name__ == '__main__':
content = get_one_page(url)
tree = etree.HTML(content)
# 產品分類
catgory = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03 b"]/h3/span/text()')
print("產品分類：" + catgory[0])
# 該分類下產品url
urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03-list"]/dl/dt/a/@href')
# 處理url
for url in urls:
url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url
print(url)
print("=====================================================")
兩者結合起來就可以打印出所有產品鏈接
if __name__ == '__main__':
content = get_one_page(url)
tree = etree.HTML(content)
# 產品分類url
catgory_urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="fdh-01-nav"]/div/h3/a/@href')
# 處理catgory_urls
for url in catgory_urls:
url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url
content = get_one_page(url)
tree = etree.HTML(content)
# 產品分類
catgory = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03 b"]/h3/span/text()')
print("產品分類：" + catgory[0])
# 該分類下產品url
urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03-list"]/dl/dt/a/@href')
# 處理url
for url in urls:
url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url
print(url)
print("=====================================================")
2.2使用xpath解析函數返回產品鏈接的內容
if __name__ == '__main__':
content = get_one_page(url)
tree = etree.HTML(content)
# 產品名稱
title = tree.xpath('//*[@id="wrap"]//h1/text()')
images = tree.xpath('//div[@class="sol_tj_left"]/a/img/@src')
# 產品圖片
images_url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com/' + images[0]
# 性能特點
xntd = tree.xpath('//div[@class="w"]//div/span/text()|//div[@class="w"]//div/text()')
# 技術參數
jscs = tree.xpath('//table')[0]
jscs_str = etree.tostring(jscs, encoding='utf-8').decode('utf-8')
# 產品內容
cpnr = tree.xpath('//div[@class="describe"]/p')
print('產品名稱:' + title[0])
print('產品圖片:' + images_url)
for td in xntd:
print('性能特點:' + td)
print('技術參數:' + jscs_str)
for cp in cpnr:
# string(.) 獲取當前標簽下所有文本內容
cp = cp.xpath('string(.)')
print('產品內容:' + cp)
print('============================================')
將三者結合在一起就可以獲取所有產品信息
if __name__ == '__main__':
content = get_one_page(url)
tree = etree.HTML(content)
# 產品分類url
catgory_urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="fdh-01-nav"]/div/h3/a/@href')
# 處理catgory_urls
for url in catgory_urls:
url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url
content = get_one_page(url)
tree = etree.HTML(content)
# 產品分類
catgory = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03 b"]/h3/span/text()')
# 該分類下產品url
urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03-list"]/dl/dt/a/@href')
# 處理url
for url in urls:
url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url
content = get_one_page(url)
try:
tree = etree.HTML(content)
# 產品名稱
title = tree.xpath('//*[@id="wrap"]//h1/text()')
images = tree.xpath('//div[@class="sol_tj_left"]/a/img/@src')
# 產品圖片
images_url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + images[0]
# 性能特點
xntd = tree.xpath('//div[@class="w"]//div/span/text()|//div[@class="w"]//div/text()')
# 技術參數
jscs = tree.xpath('//table')[0]
jscs_str = etree.tostring(jscs, encoding='utf-8').decode('utf-8')
# 產品內容
cpnr = tree.xpath('//div[@class="describe"]/p')
print("產品分類：" + catgory[0])
print('產品鏈接:' + url)
print('產品名稱:' + title[0])
print('產品圖片:' + images_url)
for td in xntd:
print('性能特點:' + td.strip())
# print('技術參數:' + jscs_str)
for cp in cpnr:
# string(.) 獲取當前標簽下所有文本內容
cp = cp.xpath('string(.)')
print('產品內容:' + cp)
print('============================================')
except Exception as e:
print(e)
print('出錯url:' + url)
pass
3.存儲到django模型
import requests
from lxml.html import etree
import os
import django
import uuid
from django.core.files.base import ContentFile
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "jiaobanzhan.settings")
django.setup()
from products.models import ProductBody, ProductsCategory, Product, ProductAdvantage
url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com/product/hzshntjbz_1/'
def get_one_page(url):
try:
headers = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/51.0.2704.103 Safari/537.36"}
res = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers, timeout=10)
res.encoding = 'utf-8'
if res.status_code == 200:
return res.text
else:
return None
except Exception:
print('aa')
return None
if __name__ == '__main__':
content = get_one_page(url)
tree = etree.HTML(content)
# 產品分類url
catgory_urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="fdh-01-nav"]/div/h3/a/@href')
# 處理catgory_urls
for url in catgory_urls:
url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url
content = get_one_page(url)
tree = etree.HTML(content)
# 產品分類
p_catgory = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03 b"]/h3/span/text()')
# 該分類下產品url
urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03-list"]/dl/dt/a/@href')
# 處理url
for url in urls:
url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url
content = get_one_page(url)
try:
tree = etree.HTML(content)
# 產品名稱
title = tree.xpath('//*[@id="wrap"]//h1/text()')
images = tree.xpath('//div[@class="sol_tj_left"]/a/img/@src')
# 產品圖片
images_url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + images[0]
# 性能特點
xntd = tree.xpath('//div[@class="w"]//div/span/text()|//div[@class="w"]//div/text()')
# 技術參數
jscs = tree.xpath('//table')[0]
jscs_str = etree.tostring(jscs, encoding='utf-8').decode('utf-8')
# 產品內容
cpnr = tree.xpath('//div[@class="describe"]/p')
# 判斷是否有這分類，沒有則新建
catgory = p_catgory[0]
products_catgory = ProductsCategory.objects.filter(name=catgory).exists()
if products_catgory:
products_catgory = ProductsCategory.objects.get(name=catgory)
else:
products_catgory = ProductsCategory(name=catgory)
products_catgory.save()
print(products_catgory)
# 保存產品圖片
image_content = requests.get(url=images_url)
ext = images_url.split('.')[-1] # 獲取圖片類型
filename = '{}.{}'.format(uuid.uuid4().hex[:8], ext) # 隨機生成圖片名字
upload_image_file = ContentFile(image_content.content, name=filename) # 將圖片保存為django類型
product = Product(title=title[0], jscs=jscs_str, image=upload_image_file, category=products_catgory)
product.save()
for td in xntd:
product_advantage = ProductAdvantage()
product_advantage.content = td
product_advantage.product = product
product_advantage.save()
for cp in cpnr:
cp = cp.xpath('string(.)')
product_body = ProductBody()
product_body.body = cp
product_body.product = product
product_body.save()
except Exception as e:
print(e)
print('出錯url:' + url)
最后自己手動處理出錯url（頁面沒有獲取到技術參數，技術參數是一張圖片）
4.總結
1.xpath 獲取標簽內容時，p標簽中嵌套span標簽，源碼如下
div class="describe" style="position: relative;">
p>span>板 寬：/span>1500mm/p>
p>span>板 厚：/span>4.5 mm/p>
p>span>出料口：/span>6口/p>
p>span>重 量：/span>6000 kg/p>
/div>
使用xpath獲取p標簽內容
我想得到的效果如下
板 寬：1500mm
板 厚：4.5 mm
出料口：6口
重 量：6000 kg
使用以下xpath 只能分開獲取，不是想要的效果
//div[@class="describe"]/p/span/text()|//div[@class="describe"]/p/text()
百度之后找到的解決辦法，使用xpath(‘string(.)')
1.先獲取所有p標簽
cpnr = tree.xpath('//div[@class="describe"]/p')
2.使用**string(.)**獲取所有標簽所有文本
cp = cp.xpath('string(.)')
循環遍歷所有p標簽即可
到此這篇關于python利用xpath爬取網上數據并存儲到django模型中的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關xpath爬取網上數據存儲到django模型內容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！
您可能感興趣的文章:- django模型查詢操作的實現
- Django數據模型中on_delete使用詳解
- Django Admin后臺模型列表頁面如何添加自定義操作按鈕
- Django模型驗證器介紹與源碼分析
- Django3中的自定義用戶模型實例詳解
- Django CBV模型源碼運行流程詳解
- Python Django模型詳解
