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用Python爬取各大高校并可視化幫弟弟選大學,弟弟直呼牛X

一、獲取url

打開中國教育在線網，按 F12，頂部選擇NetWork，選擇XHR

刷新頁面，觀察url，通過對Reponse的分析找到真正的url為：https://api.eol.cn/gkcx/api/

數據存儲在Json中。

再點擊Headers，查看請求參數

請求方式為POST

二、發送請求

拿到url，我們就可以利用requests模擬瀏覽器發送請求，拿到返回的Json數據。代碼如下：

# 導入包
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import requests
import json
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
import time

# 獲取一頁
def get_one_page(page_num):
    # 獲取URL
    url = 'https://api.eol.cn/gkcx/api/'

    # 構造headers
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': UserAgent().random,
        'Origin': 'https://gkcx.eol.cn',
        'Referer': 'https://gkcx.eol.cn/school/search?province=schoolflag=recomschprop=',
    }

    # 構造data
    data = {
        'access_token': "",
        'admissions': "",
        'central': "",
        'department': "",
        'dual_class': "",
        'f211': "",
        'f985': "",
        'is_dual_class': "",
        'keyword': "",
        'page': page_num,
        'province_id': "",
        'request_type': 1,
        'school_type': "",
        'size': 20,
        'sort': "view_total",
        'type': "",
        'uri': "apigkcx/api/school/hotlists",
    }

    # 發起請求
    try:
        response = requests.post(url=url, data=data, headers=headers)
    except Exception as e:
        print(e) 
        time.sleep(3) 
        response = requests.post(url=url, data=data, headers=headers)

三、解析json數據

根據Response返回的Json格式，解析出我們想要的內容，代碼如下：

# 解析獲取數據
    school_data = json.loads(response.text)['data']['item']

    # 學校名
    school_name = [i.get('name') for i in school_data]
    # 隸屬部門
    belong = [i.get('belong') for i in school_data]
    # 高校層次
    dual_class_name = [i.get('dual_class_name') for i in school_data]
    # 是否985
    f985 = [i.get('f985') for i in school_data]
    # 是否211
    f211 = [i.get('f211') for i in school_data]
    # 辦學類型
    level_name = [i.get('level_name') for i in school_data]
    # 院校類型
    type_name = [i.get('type_name') for i in school_data]
    # 是否公辦
    nature_name = [i.get('nature_name') for i in school_data]
    # 人氣值
    view_total = [i.get('view_total') for i in school_data]
    # 省份
    province_name = [i.get('province_name') for i in school_data]
    # 城市
    city_name = [i.get('city_name') for i in school_data]
    # 區域
    county_name = [i.get('county_name') for i in school_data]
    
    # 保存數據
    df_one = pd.DataFrame({
        'school_name': school_name,
        'belong': belong,
        'dual_class_name': dual_class_name,
        'f985': f985,
        'f211': f211,
        'level_name': level_name,
        'type_name': type_name,
        'nature_name': nature_name,
        'view_total': view_total,
        'province_name': province_name,
        'city_name': city_name,
        'county_name': county_name,
    })

    return df_one

四、存入Excel

先將數據存入Pandas，用于做數據分析，再寫入Excel存儲。

# 獲取多頁
def get_all_page(all_page_num):
    # 存儲表
    df_all = pd.DataFrame()

    # 循環頁數
    for i in range(all_page_num):
        # 打印進度
        print(f'正在獲取第{i + 1}頁的高校信息')
        # 調用函數
        df_one = get_one_page(page_num=i+1)
        # 追加
        df_all = df_all.append(df_one, ignore_index=True)
        # 休眠
        time.sleep(np.random.uniform(2))

    return df_all


# 運行函數
df_school = get_all_page(all_page_num=143)

# 讀出數據
df_school.to_excel('./data/全國高校數據.xlsx', index=False)