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keepalived+nginx高可用實現方法示例
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1.keepalived介紹

keepalived最初是專為LVS負載均衡軟件設計的，用來管理并監控LVS集群系統中各個服務節點的狀態，后來又加入了實現高可用的VRRP功能。keepalived除了能夠管理LVS軟件外，還能支持其他服務的高可用解決方案。

keepalived通過VRRP協議實現高可用功能的。VRRP（Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol）虛擬路由冗余協議。VRRP出現的目的就是為了解決靜態路由單點故障問題，它能保證當個別節點宕機時，整個網絡可以不間斷地運行。

2.keepalived高可用故障轉移原理

keepalived高可用服務之間的故障轉移，是通過VRRP來實現的。在keepalived服務工作時，主Master節點會不斷地向備節點發送（多播的方式）心跳消息，用來告訴備Backup節點自己還活著。

　　當主節點發生故障時，無法給備節點發送心跳消息，如果備節點無法繼續檢測到來自主節點的心跳。就會調用自身的接管程序，接管主節點的IP資源和服務。當主節點恢復時，備節點又會釋放主節點故障時自身接管的IP資源和服務，恢復到原來的備用角色

3.安裝nginx

3.1.主節點（192.168.80.22）

3.1.1.安裝編譯工具和庫文件

yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool openssl openssl-devel

3.1.2.安裝pcre

#進入目錄
cd /usr/local/develop/anginx

#上傳安裝文件并解壓
tar -zxvf pcre-8.38.tar.gz

#進入安裝目錄
cd pcre-8.38

#檢查配置
./configure

#編譯、安裝
make && make install

#查看pcre版本
pcre-config --version

3.1.3.安裝nginx

#進入目錄
cd /usr/local/develop/anginx
​
#上傳安裝文件，并解壓
tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz
​
#進入安裝目錄
cd nginx-1.8.1
​
#檢查配置
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/develop/anginx/pcre-8.38
​
#編譯安裝
make && make install
​
#查看nginx版本
 /usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
--------------------------------------------------------
[root@hadoop02 webserver]# /usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.8.1
​
#配置nginx（檢查）
/usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
​
#nginx管理命令
/usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx       # 啟動 Nginx
/usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop       # 停止 Nginx
/usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload      # 重新載入配置文件
/usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen      # 重啟 Nginx

3.1.4.nginx基礎配置

vi nginx.conf

#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
​
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
​
pid    logs/nginx.pid;
​
​
events {
  worker_connections 1024;
}
​
​
http {
  include    mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;
​
  log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
           '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
           '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
​
  access_log logs/access.log main;
​
  sendfile    on;
  #tcp_nopush   on;
​
  #keepalive_timeout 0;
  keepalive_timeout 65;
​
  #gzip on;
  
  #添加tomcat列表，真實應用服務器都放在這
  upstream tomcat_pool{
    #server tomcat地址:端口號 weight表示權值，權值越大，被分配的幾率越大;
    server 192.168.80.22:8080 weight=4 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
    server 192.168.80.22:8081 weight=4 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
    
  }
​
  server {
    listen    80;
    server_name tomcat_pool;
​
    #charset koi8-r;
​
    #access_log logs/host.access.log main;
​
    location / {
      #root  html;
      #index index.html index.htm;
      proxy_pass http://tomcat_pool;  #轉向tomcat處理
      proxy_set_header  Host       $host;
      proxy_set_header  X-Real-IP    $remote_addr;
      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }
​
    #error_page 404       /404.html;
​
    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page  500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
      root  html;
    }
​
​
}

3.2.備節點（192.168.80.21）

說明：安裝方式同nginx主節點。

4.安裝keepalived

4.1.主節點（192.168.80.22）

#安裝keepalived
yum install keepalived -y
​
#啟動keepalived服務
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
-------------------------------------------
[root@hadoop02 anginx]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start
正在啟動 keepalived：                   [確定]
[root@hadoop02 anginx]# ps -ef |grep keepalived
root   15723   1 0 00:59 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   15724 15723 0 00:59 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   15725 15723 0 00:59 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   15731 15622 0 00:59 pts/1  00:00:00 grep keepalived
[root@hadoop02 anginx]#
​
#設置開機自啟動
echo "/etc/init.d/keepalived start" >>/etc/rc.local
​
#關閉keepalived服務
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
​
#編輯keepalived配置文件
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
​
-----------------------------------------------------------
! Configuration File for keepalived
​
global_defs {
  notification_email {
   acassen@firewall.loc
   failover@firewall.loc
   sysadmin@firewall.loc
  }
  notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
  smtp_server 192.168.200.1
  smtp_connect_timeout 30
  router_id lb01
}
​
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
  state MASTER
  interface eth1
  virtual_router_id 55
  priority 150
  advert_int 1
  authentication {
    auth_type PASS
    auth_pass server123
  }
  virtual_ipaddress {
    192.168.80.100 dev eth1 label eth1:1
  }
}
...........................................................

關于配置說明：

  •  【router_id】 是路由標識，在一個局域網里面應該是唯一的
    • 【vrrp_instance VI_1】{...}這是一個VRRP實例，里面定義了keepalived的主備狀態、接口、優先級、認證和IP信息
    • 【state】 定義了VRRP的角色
    • 【interface】定義使用的接口，這里我的服務器用的網卡都是eth1
    • 【virtual_router_id】是虛擬路由ID標識，一組的keepalived配置中主備都是設置一致
    • 【priority】是優先級，數字越大，優先級越大，
    • 【auth_type】是認證方式
    • 【auth_pass】是認證的密碼
  • 【virtual_ipaddress】 ｛...｝定義虛擬IP地址，可以配置多個IP地址，這里我定義為192.168.80.100，綁定了eth1的網絡接口，虛擬接口eth1:1

4.2.備節點（192.168.80.21）

#安裝keepalived
yum install keepalived -y
​
#啟動keepalived服務
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
-------------------------------------------
[root@hadoop02 anginx]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start
正在啟動 keepalived：                   [確定]
[root@hadoop02 anginx]# ps -ef |grep keepalived
root   15723   1 0 00:59 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   15724 15723 0 00:59 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   15725 15723 0 00:59 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   15731 15622 0 00:59 pts/1  00:00:00 grep keepalived
[root@hadoop02 anginx]#
​
#設置開機自啟動
echo "/etc/init.d/keepalived start" >>/etc/rc.local
​
#關閉keepalived服務
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
​
#編輯keepalived配置文件
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
​
-----------------------------------------------------------------
! Configuration File for keepalived
​
global_defs {
  notification_email {
   acassen@firewall.loc
   failover@firewall.loc
   sysadmin@firewall.loc
  }
  notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
  smtp_server 192.168.200.1
  smtp_connect_timeout 30
  router_id lb02
}
​
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
  state BACKUP
  interface eth1
  virtual_router_id 55
  priority 100
  advert_int 1
  authentication {
    auth_type PASS
    auth_pass server123
  }
  virtual_ipaddress {
    192.168.80.100 dev eth1 label eth1:1
  }
}
.............................................................
​
​

5.測試

5.1.啟動主備節點的keepalived服務

#在節點一執行（192.168.80.22）
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
-------------------------------------
[root@hadoop02 anginx]# ps -ef |grep keepalived
root   15788   1 0 01:09 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   15790 15788 0 01:09 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   15791 15788 0 01:09 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   15807 15622 0 01:33 pts/1  00:00:00 grep keepalived
[root@hadoop02 anginx]#
​
​
#在節點二執行（192.168.80.21）
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
---------------------------------------
[root@hadoop01 ~]# ps -ef |grep keepalived
root   11542   1 0 01:30 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   11544 11542 0 01:30 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   11545 11542 0 01:30 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   11550 11512 0 01:33 pts/1  00:00:00 grep keepalived
[root@hadoop01 ~]#

5.2.通過虛ip訪問服務

http://192.168.80.100/session-redis-demo/

5.3.停止主節點keepalived服務

#在節點一執行（192.168.80.22）
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
​
#觀察備節點變化
ip addr
-------------------------------------------
[root@hadoop01 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
  link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
  inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
  inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
  link/ether 00:50:56:38:e5:46 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  inet 192.168.80.21/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global eth1
  inet 192.168.80.100/32 scope global eth1:1
  inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe38:e546/64 scope link 
    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@hadoop01 ~]#

5.4.繼續通過虛ip訪問服務

http://192.168.80.100/session-redis-demo/

6.keepalived+nginx整合

說明：編寫nginx守護腳本，如果nginx服務出現故障，則停止當前節點的keepalived服務。自動切換到備用節點。

6.1.編寫nginx守護腳本

vi nginx_check.sh
​
--------------------------------------
#!/bin/bash
while true
do
if [ $(netstat -tlnp|grep nginx|wc -l) -ne 1 ]
then
  /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
fi
sleep 2
done
​
#給腳本授權
chmod u+x nginx_check.sh
​
#執行腳本
nohup /usr/local/develop/anginx/shell/nginx_check.sh &

6.2.停止主節點nginx服務

#停止主節點nginx服務
/usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
​
#查找進程
[root@hadoop02 ~]# ps -ef |grep nginx
root   15915   1 0 01:51 ?    00:00:00 /bin/bash /usr/local/develop/anginx/shell/nginx_check.sh
root   16516 15753 0 01:54 pts/5  00:00:00 grep nginx
[root@hadoop02 ~]#
​
#觀察備用節點變化【服務正常】
ip addr
--------------------------------------
[root@hadoop01 shell]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
  link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
  inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
  inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
  link/ether 00:50:56:38:e5:46 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  inet 192.168.80.21/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global eth1
  inet 192.168.80.100/32 scope global eth1:1
  inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe38:e546/64 scope link 
    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@hadoop01 shell]#
​
#再次重新啟動主節點nginx和keepalived服務
/usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
​
/etc/init.d/keepalived start

以上就是本文的全部內容，希望對大家的學習有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

標簽：張家界 滄州 洛陽 松原 廊坊 北京 玉樹 永州

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