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1.首先測試rm 誤刪除數據庫文件

[oracle@primary dbwdn]$ ll
total 2153164
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 8536064 Nov 27 21:50 control01.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 8536064 Nov 27 21:50 control02.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 8536064 Nov 27 21:50 control03.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 104865792 Nov 27 21:32 ggs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 525344768 Nov 27 21:32 perfstat.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 52429312 Nov 27 21:10 redo01.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 52429312 Nov 27 21:49 redo02.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 52429312 Nov 27 21:10 redo03.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 10493952 Nov 27 21:32 shkz_data_01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 524296192 Nov 27 21:49 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 524296192 Nov 27 21:49 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 209723392 Nov 18 10:54 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 52436992 Nov 27 21:32 test01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 251666432 Nov 27 21:49 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 26222592 Nov 27 21:32 users01.dbf
[oracle@primary dbwdn]$ rm test01.dbf

2.找到數據庫后臺進程dbw0

oracle 3493 1 0 21:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_dbwdn
進程號3493

3.找到被誤刪除的數據庫文件

[oracle@primary dbwdn]$ ll /proc/3493/fd
total 0
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 0 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 1 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 10 -> /dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 11 -> /dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 12 -> /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msb
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 13 -> /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_dbwdn.dat
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 14 -> /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkDBWDN
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 15 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/control01.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 16 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/control02.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 17 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/control03.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 18 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/system01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 19 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/undotbs01.dbf
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 2 -> /dev/null
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 20 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/sysaux01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 21 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/users01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 22 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/test01.dbf (deleted)
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 23 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/ggs01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 24 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/perfstat.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 25 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/shkz_data_01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 26 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/temp01.dbf
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 27 -> /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msb
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 3 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 4 -> /dev/null
l-wx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 5 -> /u01/app/oracle/admin/dbwdn/udump/dbwdn_ora_3485.trc
l-wx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 6 -> /u01/app/oracle/admin/dbwdn/bdump/alert_dbwdn.log
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 7 -> /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_dbwdn.dat
l-wx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 21:52 8 -> /u01/app/oracle/admin/dbwdn/bdump/alert_dbwdn.log
誤刪除之后，數據庫沒有重啟，系統也沒用重啟

4.拷貝數據庫文件

[oracle@primary ~]$ cp /proc/3493/fd/22 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/test01.dbf
[oracle@primary ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn
[oracle@primary dbwdn]$ ls
control01.ctl control03.ctl perfstat.dbf redo02.log shkz_data_01.dbf system01.dbf test01.dbf users01.dbf
control02.ctl ggs01.dbf redo01.log redo03.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf undotbs01.dbf
數據庫文件找回來了。

5.恢復數據庫文件

[oracle@primary dbwdn]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Tue Nov 27 21:55:15 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> alter database datafile 5 offline;
Database altered.
SQL> recover datafile 5;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database datafile 5 online;
Database altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1273276 bytes
Variable Size 130024004 bytes
Database Buffers 150994944 bytes
Redo Buffers 2920448 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>

成功恢復數據庫

注：如果數據庫重啟之后，還能恢復嗎，測試一下：

[oracle@primary dbwdn]$ rm users01.dbf[oracle@primary dbwdn]$ ps -ef |grep dbw0
oracle 3798 1 0 21:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_dbwdn
oracle 4147 3439 0 22:07 pts/1 00:00:00 grep dbw0
[oracle@primary dbwdn]$ ll /proc/3798/fd
total 0
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:07 0 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:07 1 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:07 10 -> /dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:07 11 -> /dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:07 12 -> /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msb
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:07 13 -> /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_dbwdn.dat
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:07 14 -> /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkDBWDN
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:07 15 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/control01.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:07 16 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/control02.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:07 17 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/control03.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:07 18 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/system01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:07 19 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/undotbs01.dbf
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:07 2 -> /dev/null
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:07 20 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/sysaux01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:07 21 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/users01.dbf (deleted)lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:07 22 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/test01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:07 23 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/ggs01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:07 24 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/perfstat.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:07 25 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/shkz_data_01.dbf

數據庫沒有重啟，這個數據文件還能恢復，如果我重啟數據庫之后，還能看見這個數據文件嗎？

[oracle@primary dbwdn]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Tue Nov 27 22:08:01 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01116: error in opening database file 4
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/users01.dbf'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
SQL> shutdown abort;ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@primary dbwdn]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Tue Nov 27 22:08:19 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1273276 bytes
Variable Size 130024004 bytes
Database Buffers 150994944 bytes
Redo Buffers 2920448 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 4 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/users01.dbf'

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@primary dbwdn]$ ll /proc/3798/fd
ls: /proc/3798/fd: No such file or directory
[oracle@primary dbwdn]$ ps -ef |grep dbw0
oracle 4160 1 0 22:08 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_dbwdn
oracle 4193 3439 0 22:09 pts/1 00:00:00 grep dbw0
[oracle@primary dbwdn]$ ll /proc/4160/fd
total 0
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:09 0 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:09 1 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:09 10 -> /dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:09 11 -> /dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:09 12 -> /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msb
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:09 13 -> /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_dbwdn.dat
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:09 14 -> /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkDBWDN
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:09 15 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/control01.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:09 16 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/control02.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:09 17 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/control03.ctl
l-wx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:09 2 -> /u01/app/oracle/admin/dbwdn/bdump/dbwdn_dbw0_4160.trc
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:09 3 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:09 4 -> /dev/null
l-wx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:09 5 -> /u01/app/oracle/admin/dbwdn/udump/dbwdn_ora_4152.trc
l-wx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:09 6 -> /u01/app/oracle/admin/dbwdn/bdump/alert_dbwdn.log
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:09 7 -> /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_dbwdn.dat
l-wx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:09 8 -> /u01/app/oracle/admin/dbwdn/bdump/alert_dbwdn.log
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 27 22:09 9 -> /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkinstdbwdn (deleted)
[oracle@primary dbwdn]$

已經沒法恢復了。
說明需要注意的是，rm誤刪除文件之后，千萬不要慌張，穩住神，不要重啟數據庫，不要重啟動系統。
AIX系統，我沒有測試過。
使用備份集恢復上面的數據庫文件：

[oracle@primary dbwdn]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Tue Nov 27 22:13:45 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> startup nomount;
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1273276 bytes
Variable Size 130024004 bytes
Database Buffers 150994944 bytes
Redo Buffers 2920448 bytes
RMAN> alter database mount;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
database mounted
RMAN> run
2> {
3> allocate channel t1 type to disk;
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00558: error encountered while parsing input commands
RMAN-01009: syntax error: found "to": expecting one of: "double-quoted-string, disk, equal, identifier, single-quoted-string"
RMAN-01007: at line 3 column 26 file: standard input
RMAN> run
2> {
3> allocate channel t1 device type disk;
4> restore datafile 4;
5> recover datafile 4;
6> release channel t1;
7> }
allocated channel: t1
channel t1: sid=156 devtype=DISK
Starting restore at 27-NOV-2012 22:16:26
channel t1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel t1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dbwdn/users01.dbf
channel t1: reading from backup piece /u01/bak/03nrctnp_1_1.bak
channel t1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/bak/03nrctnp_1_1.bak tag=TAG20121127T213241
channel t1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
Finished restore at 27-NOV-2012 22:16:30
Starting recover at 27-NOV-2012 22:16:30
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 27-NOV-2012 22:16:31
released channel: t1
RMAN> alter database open;
database opened
RMAN>

Windows下數據恢復（把回收站清空后的恢復方法）：

步驟：
1、單擊“開始——運行，然后輸入regedit （打開注冊表）
2、依次展開：HEKEY——LOCAL——MACHIME/SOFTWARE/microsoft/WINDOWS/ CURRENTVERSION/EXPLORER/DESKTOP/NAMESPACE 在左邊空白外點擊“新建”
，選擇：“主鍵”，把它命名為“645FFO40——5081——101B——9F08——00AA002F954E”
再把右邊的“默認”的主鍵的鍵值設為“回收站”，然后退出注冊表。就OK啦。
3、要重啟計算機。
只要機器沒有運行過磁盤整理。系統完好.任何時候的文件都可以找回來。

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linux rm誤刪除數據庫文件的恢復方法