在CentOS 6.3下安裝完Oracle 10g R2，重開機之后，你會發現Oracle沒有自行啟動，這是正常的，因為在Linux下安裝Oracle的確不會自行啟動，必須要自行設定相關參數，首先先介紹一般而言如何啟動oracle。
一、在Linux下啟動Oracle
登錄到CentOS，切換到oracle用戶權限
# su – oracle
接著輸入：
$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
原本的畫面會變為
SQL>
接著請輸入
SQL> startup
就可以正常的啟動數據庫了。
另外停止數據庫的指令如下：
SQL> shutdown immediate
二、檢查Oracle DB監聽器是否正常
回到終端機模式，輸入：
$ lsnrctl status
檢查看看監聽器是否有啟動
如果沒有啟動，可以輸入：
$ lsnrctl start
啟動監聽器
SQL> conn sys@orcl as sysdba
然后輸入密碼，sys以sysdba身份登入數據庫。
三、啟動emctl
另外也可以發現http://localhost.localdomain:1158/em 目前是沒有反應的，這邊要另外啟動，啟動的指令如下：
$ emctl start dbconsole
這個指令運行時間較長，執行完的畫面如下：
手動啟動Oracle數據庫完畢，下面創建系統自行啟動Oracle的腳本。
四、Oracle啟動停止腳本
1. 修改Oracle系統配置文件：/etc/oratab，只有這樣，Oracle 自帶的dbstart和dbshut才能夠發揮作用。
# vi /etc/oratab
orcl:/opt/oracle/102:Y
# Entries are of the form:
# $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:N|Y>:
2. 在 /etc/init.d/ 下創建文件oracle，內容如下：
復制代碼 代碼如下:
#!/bin/sh
# chkconfig: 35 80 10
# description: Oracle auto start-stop script.
#
# Set ORA_HOME to be equivalent to the $ORACLE_HOME
# from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut;
#
# Set ORA_OWNER to the user id of the owner of the
# Oracle database in ORA_HOME.
ORA_HOME=/opt/oracle/102
ORA_OWNER=oracle
if [ ! -f $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart ]
then
echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
exit
fi
case "$1" in
'start')
# Start the Oracle databases:
echo "Starting Oracle Databases ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done"
# Start the Listener:
echo "Starting Oracle Listeners ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Listeners as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
'stop')
# Stop the Oracle Listener:
echo "Stoping Oracle Listeners ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Listener as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle
# Stop the Oracle Database:
echo "Stoping Oracle Databases ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Databases as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
echo ""
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
'restart')
$0 stop
$0 start
esac
3. 改變文件權限
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle
4. 添加服務
# chkconfig --level 35 oracle on
5. 需要在關機或重啟機器之前停止數據庫，做一下操作
# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc0.d/K01oracle //關機
# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc6.d/K01oracle //重啟
6. 使用方法
# service oracle start //啟動oracle
# service oracle stop //關閉oracle
# service oracle restart //重啟oracle
7. 測試
a. 開機自啟動
復制代碼 代碼如下:
Last login: Mon Nov 26 19:57:06 2012 from 10.0.0.145
[root@ORS ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@ORS ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 26 20:07:33 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> set linesize 300;
SQL> set pagesize 30;
SQL> select * from scott.emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20
KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20
JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
rows selected.
SQL>
b. service oracle stop
復制代碼 代碼如下:
SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
[oracle@ORS ~]$ logout
[root@ORS ~]# service oracle stop
Stoping Oracle Listeners ...
Done.
Stoping Oracle Databases ...
Done.
[root@ORS ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@ORS ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 26 20:17:20 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> set linesize 300;
SQL> set pagesize 30;
SQL> select * from scott.emp;
select * from scott.emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
SQL>
c. service oracle start
復制代碼 代碼如下:
SQL> Disconnected
[oracle@ORS ~]$ logout
[root@ORS ~]# service oracle start
Starting Oracle Databases ...
Done
Starting Oracle Listeners ...
Done.
[root@ORS ~]#
d. service oracle restart
復制代碼 代碼如下:
[root@ORS ~]# service oracle restart
Stoping Oracle Listeners ...
Done.
Stoping Oracle Databases ...
Done.
Starting Oracle Databases ...
Done
Starting Oracle Listeners ...
Done.
[root@ORS ~]#
至此，Oracle服務啟動停止腳本與開機自啟動設置完畢。
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