主從服務器的時間要同步,數據庫版本最好是一致的,以免造成函數處理、日志讀取、日志解析等發生異常。
以下三個主從復制的設置是獨立的。
注意防火墻和selinux的影響。
1、簡單主從復制的實現
(1)主服務器的配置
1)安裝mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
2)編輯/etc/my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下內容
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 1 (id號不能跟從服務器相同)
log-bin = master-log (自定義二進制日志文件名)
3)授權可以復制本地數據庫信息的主機
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service (啟動mariadb server)
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'10.1.51.%' identified by 'replpasswd';
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G (查看主服務器的狀態信息,在從服務器中要用到)
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: master-log.000003 (正在使用的二進制日志文件)
Position: 497 (所處的位置)
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
(2)從服務器的配置
1)安裝mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
2)編輯/etc/my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下內容
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 2 (id號不能跟主服務器相同)
relay-log = slave-log (自定義二進制日志文件名)
3)設置要從哪個主服務器的那個位置開始同步
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.60',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=497;
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; (啟動復制功能)
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G (查看從服務器的狀態,下面顯示的是部分內容)
Master_Host: 10.1.51.60
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 497
Relay_Log_File: slave-log.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 530
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Master_Server_Id: 1
(3)測試
1)在主服務器導入事先準備好的數據庫
[root@localhost ~]# mysql hellodb.sql
2)在從服務器查看是否同步
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hellodb |(數據庫已經同步)
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb;
MariaDB [hellodb]> show tables; (hellodb數據庫的表也是同步的)
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_hellodb |
+-------------------+
| classes |
| coc |
| courses |
| scores |
| students |
| teachers |
| toc |
+-------------------+
2、雙主復制的實現
(1)服務器1的配置
1)安裝mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
2)編輯/etc/my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下內容
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 1 (id號不能跟從服務器相同)
log-bin = master-log (自定義主服務器的二進制日志文件名)
relay-log = slave-log (自定義從服務器的二進制日志文件名)
auto_increment_offset = 1
auto_increment_increment = 2
3)在服務器2上查看的master狀態
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: master-log.000003
Position: 422
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
4)啟動mariadb server并進行如下配置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'10.1.51.%' identified by 'replpasswd';
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.50',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=422;
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G (僅是部分內容)
Master_Host: 10.1.51.50
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 422
Relay_Log_File: slave-log.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 530
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Master_Server_Id: 2
(2)服務器2的配置
1)安裝mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
2)編輯/etc/my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 2
relay-log = slave-log
lob-bin = master-log
auto_increment_offset = 2
auto_increment_increment = 2
3)在服務器1查看master狀態
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: master-log.000003
Position: 245
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
4)啟動mariadb server并配置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'10.1.51.%' identified by 'replpasswd';
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.60',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=245;
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G (僅是部分內容)
Master_Host: 10.1.51.60
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 422
Relay_Log_File: slave-log.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 530
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Master_Server_Id: 1
(3)測試
1)在任意一臺服務器上創建mydb數據庫
MariaDB [(none)]> create database mydb;
2)在另一臺服務器上查看
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mydb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
3、半同步復制的實現
(1)在主服務器上的配置
1)安裝mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
2)編輯/etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 1
log-bin = master-log
3)授權可以復制本地數據庫信息的主機
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service (啟動mariadb server)
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'10.1.51.%' identified by 'replpasswd';
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G (查看主服務器的狀態信息,在從服務器中要用到)
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: master-log.000003 (正在使用的二進制日志文件)
Position: 245 (所處的位置)
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
4)安裝rpl semi sync_master插件,并啟用
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_master soname 'semisync_master.so';
MariaDB [(none)]> set global rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = ON;
補充:
MariaDB [(none)]> show plugins;(可查看插件是否激活)
MariaDB [(none)]> show global variables like 'rpl_semi%';(可查看安裝的插件是否啟用)
MariaDB [(none)]> show global status like '%semi%';(可查看從服務器的個數,此時是0個)
(2)從服務器的配置
1)安裝mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
2)編輯/etc/my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下內容
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 2 (id號不能跟主服務器相同)
relay-log = slave-log (自定義二進制日志文件名)
3)設置要從哪個主服務器的那個位置開始同步
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.60',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=245;
4)安裝rpl semi sync_slave插件并啟用
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_slave soname 'semisync_slave.so';
MariaDB [(none)]> set global rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = ON;
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
完成上面配置后,可以在主服務器上查看半同步復制的相關信息,命令如下:
MariaDB [(none)]> show global status like '%semi%';
Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients 1 (從服務器有一臺)
(3)測試
測試以個人實際情況而定
1)在主服務器上導入事先準備好的數據庫hellodb.sql
MariaDB [hellodb]> source /root/hellodb.sql;
2)在主服務器上查看半同步復制的狀態
MariaDB [hellodb]> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-log.000003 | 8102 | | |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
MariaDB [hellodb]> show global status like '%semi%';
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients | 1 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time | 1684 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time | 60630 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits | 36 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times | 1 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx | 1 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_status | ON |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time | 1884 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time | 65965 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits | 35 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx | 35 |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
3)在從服務器上查看是否同步
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb;
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from students;
補充:基于上面的半同步復制配置復制的過濾器,復制過濾最好在從服務器上設置,步驟如下
(1)從服務器的配置
1)關閉mariadb server
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop mariadb.service
2)編輯/etc/my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 2
relay-log = slave-log
replicate-do-db = mydb (只復制mydb數據庫的內容)
補充:常用的過濾選項如下
Replicate_Do_DB=
Replicate_Ignore_DB=
Replicate_Do_Table=
Replicate_Ignore_Table=
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table=
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table=
3)重啟mariadb server
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
4)重啟mariadb server后,半同步復制功能將被關閉,因此要重新啟動
MariaDB [(none)]> show global variables like '%semi%';
+---------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+-------+
| rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled | OFF |
| rpl_semi_sync_slave_trace_level | 32 |
+---------------------------------+-------+
MariaDB [(none)]> set global rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = ON;
MariaDB [(none)]> stop slave;(需先關閉從服務器復制功能再重啟)
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
(2)測試
1)主服務器上的hellodb數據庫創建一個新表semitable
MariaDB [hellodb]> create table semitable (id int);
2)在從服務器上查看hellodb數據庫是否有semitable
MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb
MariaDB [hellodb]> show tables;(并沒有)
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_hellodb |
+-------------------+
| classes |
| coc |
| courses |
| scores |
| students |
| teachers |
| toc |
+-------------------+
3)在主服務器上創建mydb數據庫,并為其創建一個tbl1表
MariaDB [hellodb]> create database mydb;
4)在從服務器上查看mydb數據庫的是否有tbl1表
MariaDB [hellodb]> use mydb;
MariaDB [mydb]> show tables; (可以查看到)
+----------------+
| Tables_in_mydb |
+----------------+
| tbl1 |
+----------------+
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